Analysis of factors affecting the precision of aluminum alloy CNC machining?
In the process of aluminum alloy CNC machining, the machining precision will be affected by many factors, mainly the following aspects:
1. Machine tool equipment factors
Geometric accuracy: including the spindle rotation accuracy, guide rail straightness and parallelism of the machine tool. The spindle is a key component for tool rotation in aluminum alloy machining. If the spindle rotation accuracy is not high, the tool will produce radial runout or axial movement during the rotation process, which will increase the surface roughness of the processed aluminum alloy parts and reduce the dimensional accuracy. For example, the radial runout error of the spindle will directly lead to cylindricity error when machining cylindrical surfaces. If the straightness and parallelism of the machine tool guide rail are not good, it will affect the motion trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece, making the machined plane uneven or the linear dimension deviate. Positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy: Positioning accuracy refers to the degree of proximity between the actual position of the moving parts such as the machine tool worktable and the command position. Repeat positioning accuracy reflects the accuracy of the machine tool when it repeatedly positions to the same position. In aluminum alloy CNC machining, these accuracy indicators directly affect the dimensional accuracy and position accuracy of the parts.
2. Tool factors
The dimensional accuracy of the tool: The dimensional accuracy of the tool, such as diameter and length, directly affects the processing accuracy. For example, when drilling aluminum alloy, the diameter accuracy of the drill bit will affect the size of the hole. If the drill bit diameter is larger than the design size, the hole will be larger, otherwise it will be smaller. The cutting edge accuracy of the tool is also very important. The straightness and roundness of the cutting edge will affect the shape accuracy of the machined surface.
Tool geometry: The geometry of the tool includes the cutting edge angle of the tool, the radius of the tool tip arc, etc. Different geometries are suitable for different processing technologies and aluminum alloy materials. For example, when milling aluminum alloy, the selection of the rake angle and back angle of the tool will affect the size and direction of the cutting force. If the rake angle of the tool is not selected properly, excessive cutting force may cause deformation of the part and affect the processing accuracy.
The tool will gradually wear during the processing process, which has a great impact on the processing accuracy. After the tool is worn, its cutting edge radius increases and the cutting force changes.
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